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sight.",[53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60],"base64-text","base64-file","url-encoder","hash-generator","jwt-decoder","html-entities","text-to-binary","caesar-cipher",{"path":62,"title":63,"description":64,"tools":65},"\u002Fguides\u002Fen\u002Fanatomy-of-a-url","Every part of a URL and what it is allowed to contain","Every part of a URL labelled on a worked example, which characters must be percent encoded where, how query strings actually behave, and how to spot a link that lies about its host.",[66,67],"url-parser","regex-tester",{"path":69,"title":70,"description":71,"tools":72},"\u002Fguides\u002Fen\u002Fpreparing-images-for-the-web","Getting an image ready to publish","How to size, crop, resample and compress an image before it goes on a page, including pixel ratio, quality settings, cutout halos, EXIF rotation and stripping metadata.",[19,21,20,73,74],"image-rotate-flip","image-background-remover",{"path":76,"title":77,"description":78,"tools":79},"\u002Fguides\u002Fen\u002Fcolour-models-explained","HEX, RGB, HSL and the newer colour spaces","How HEX, RGB, HSL, LCH and OKLCH relate to each other, why an HSL palette goes muddy in the mid tones, and what gamut clipping and alpha compositing do to the colour you get.",[80,81,82],"color-converter","color-palette-generator","contrast-checker",{"path":84,"title":85,"description":86,"tools":87},"\u002Fguides\u002Fen\u002Fpassword-strength","How strong a password needs to be","What entropy in bits actually measures, why length beats symbol soup, how much reuse costs you, and where passphrases and password managers fit.",[88,56],"password-generator",{"path":90,"title":91,"description":92,"tools":93},"\u002Fguides\u002Fen\u002Freading-cron","How to read a cron expression","The five cron fields explained, with ranges, steps, lists, names and shortcuts, plus the day-of-month and day-of-week rule that catches everyone out.",[94],"cron-parser",{"path":96,"title":97,"description":98,"tools":99},"\u002Fguides\u002Fen\u002Fcolour-contrast","Meeting WCAG colour contrast without guessing","What a contrast ratio measures, the AA and AAA thresholds for text and interface components, and the grey-on-white mistakes that quietly fail every time.",[82,80,81],{"path":101,"title":102,"description":103,"tools":104},"\u002Fguides\u002Fen\u002Fnumber-bases-and-units","Number bases, byte sizes and the units people argue about","How hex maps onto bits, why a 1 TB drive shows as 931 GB, what 0.1 plus 0.2 actually equals, and how rounding, percentages and locale formatting quietly change a number.",[105,106,107,108,109,110,111,112,113],"sum-numbers","number-to-words","number-sequence","number-base-converter","unit-converter","percentage-calculator","expression-calculator","random-port-generator","roman-numeral-converter",{"path":115,"title":116,"description":117,"tools":118},"\u002Fguides\u002Fen\u002Fchoosing-an-identifier","Picking an identifier: UUIDs, short IDs and the ones that leak information","Which UUID version to use, why v4 collisions are not a practical worry, what sequential integers give away, how short ID alphabets trade off, and where random bits belong.",[119,120,88,121,122,123],"random-number-generator","uuid-generator","lorem-ipsum-generator","qr-code-generator","slug-generator",{"path":125,"title":126,"description":127,"tools":128},"\u002Fguides\u002Fen\u002Fsorting-and-deduping-lists","Sorting and deduplicating a list without surprises","Why \"10\" sorts before \"2\", how umlauts change places between Germany and Sweden, which duplicates really count as duplicates, and why a random comparator is a biased shuffle.",[129,130,131,132,133,134,135],"remove-duplicate-lines","sort-lines","list-reverse","list-rotate","list-chunk","list-unwrap","list-frequency",{"path":137,"title":138,"description":139,"tools":140},"\u002Fguides\u002Fen\u002Ftimestamps-and-time-zones","Timestamps, time zones and the hour that happens twice","What Unix time actually counts, how ISO 8601 offsets differ from IANA time zones, what daylight saving does to alarms and durations, and where storing UTC is the wrong answer.",[141,142,143,144,145,146,94,147],"unix-timestamp-converter","date-difference","leap-year-checker","duration-converter","weekday-calculator","discord-timestamp","clock-truncate",{"path":149,"title":150,"description":151,"tools":152},"\u002Fguides\u002Fen\u002Fwhat-is-in-a-jwt","What a JSON Web Token actually contains","Inside a JWT, the header, payload and signature explained, the standard claims, and why Base64url decoding a token is not the same as verifying it.",[57,53],{"path":154,"title":155,"description":156,"tools":157},"\u002Fguides\u002Fen\u002Fwhat-a-pdf-actually-is","What a PDF actually is, and why you cannot always copy the text","How a PDF stores glyphs at coordinates instead of words, how to tell a scan from real text, and what fonts, page boxes, rotation flags and passwords do when you merge or split.",[158,159,160,161,162,163],"pdf-merge","pdf-split","pdf-rotate","images-to-pdf","pdf-to-images","pdf-extract-images",{"path":165,"title":166,"description":167,"tools":168},"\u002Fguides\u002Fen\u002Fmoving-data-between-formats","What gets lost converting between JSON, YAML, CSV and XML","How JSON, YAML, CSV, XML and TOML differ on comments, types, nesting, dates and key order, and which of those details each conversion between them quietly throws away.",[169,170,171,172,173,174,175,176,177,178,179,180,181,182,183,184,185,186],"json-formatter","json-to-csv","csv-to-json","yaml-json-converter","json-to-typescript","xml-formatter","csv-separator","csv-transpose","csv-to-yaml","csv-to-xml","csv-validator","csv-to-tsv","tsv-to-json","csv-column-insert","csv-column-swap","json-escape","json-diff","json-to-xml",{"path":188,"title":189,"description":190,"tools":191},"\u002Fguides\u002Fen\u002Fcodecs-and-containers","Why an MP4 will not play, and what a container really is","How containers like MP4 and MKV differ from codecs like H.264 and AV1, and how bitrate, keyframes, audio tracks and re-encoding decide whether a file plays and how large it gets.",[192,193,194,195,196,197,198,199,200],"video-to-gif","video-compress","video-trim","video-resize","video-crop","video-rotate","video-speed","video-extract-audio","video-mute",{"path":202,"title":203,"description":204,"tools":205},"\u002Fguides\u002Fen\u002Fcsv-separators","Why your CSV 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